AirWatch-RD
Collaboration
The EUSO Collaboration, as of today, is made of the following institutions:
National Responsible: Alessandro Petrolini (Ge)
Location of the experiment: International Space Station or satellite
1. Goal of the experiment
The present R&D project is connected to the EUSO (Extreme Universe Space Observatory) experiment, currently under phase A study by ESA for a possible installation on the International Space Station. The experiment goal is the study of the High Energy part (E ô 3·1019 eV) of the Cosmic Radiation, the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR), by observing from space the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) produced by the interaction of UHECR with the atmosphere. A large mass of atmosphere can be observed from space and an EAS can be detected by observing the atmospheric nitrogen fluorescence light, isotropically produced during the EAS development, as well as the Cherenkov light, diffusely reflected at the Earth.
2.
Activities during 2002
In March 2001 ESA approved the phase A for the EUSO experiment, which started in March 2002 and will end in June 2003. During the phase A the consolidation of the experimental apparatus preliminary design, its optimization and the design of the most critical parts, including the space-related issues, is going on. The following activities were carried on in 2002 within the INFN AirWatch-R&D program.
In general:
Simulation and data analysis:
Optics:
Characterization
and test:
Photo-detector
development:
Support
measurements:
The following activities were carried on in 2002 in the framework of the INFN AirWatch-R&D program:
(*) The design of the new baseboard, backbone of the elementary cell, was finished. From the functional point of view it should be a version very close to the final one except for the installation of the front-end chip. The baseboards have been produced, components installed and they are ready to be integrated into the elementary-cell. This implies mounting of the MAPMT and potting. This has not been done yet due to some delay in the overall process caused by the necessity to better understand some technological issues, very critical ones for a space application.
(**) The flight BABY2002 was successfully performed
(July 2002) with further background measurements separating the
three main N2 fluorescence lines. The single photon
counting technique was cross-checked with the charge
integration measurement technique. Data analysis in
progress. The UV-Scope (Catania/Palermo) and ET-Scope
(Torino) set-up was completed. This instrumentation is needed for
the measurements campaign called ULTRA and devoted to the
measurement of the cloud and land albedo, for the Cherenkov light
accompanying the EAS. Preliminary measurements for the two parts
performed on October 2002.
Milestones 2003
Definition of the Architecture and Layout of the photodetector; functional design. | 31-12-2003 |
Realization of the front-end chip prototype | 31-12-2003 |
Finalization of the fast simulation program of the experiment (Physical processes and experimental apparatus). | 31-12-2003 |
Re-assessment of the observational capabilities of the experiment and optimisation of the project based on the fast simulation. | 31-12-2003 |
Reflected/diffused Cherenkov light signal measurements (water, soil and clouds). | 31-12-2003 |
3. INFN contribution to the experiment in terms of manpower and financial support
Manpower: Five INFN groups (CT, FI, GE, TO and TS) including 50 research associates (25.0 FTE) and 4 technicians (2.5 FTE) plus support from the workshops and engineering design departments of the Sezioni INFN involved
Budget for the year 2003: 1.3 % of CSNII total budget
4. Publications in referred journals (in 2002): 2
5. Number of conference talks (in 2002): 17
6. Number of undergraduate and doctoral thesis on the experiment
7. Leadership roles and primary responsibilities in the experiment
The
following researchers, either INFN employees or INFN research
associates, have official responsibilities within the
Collaboration for the EUSO phase A.
8. Innovative instruments
Development of a space-based
photo-detector with large dimensions (a few squared meters), a
few hundreds of thousands channels, single photon sensitive in
the near-UV, double hit resolution of the order of a few tens of
ns, relatively small mass (about one ton), low power consumption
(below one kW) and compatible with more than three-years
operation on the International Space Station.
This includes the development of a binary
front-end ASIC for the MAPMT readout, in a suitable
radiation-hard technology, with double hit resolution of a few
tens of ns and a power consumption of the order of 1 mW per
channel.
9. Competing experiments
UHECR are currently studied, and will be studied, by experiments on Earth (e.g. HiRes, AGASA and AUGER). As of now EUSO is the first experiment foreseen to observe from space. The observation from space will complement the observation from the Earth. A space-based NASA experiment (OWL) is foreseen on a longer time-scale. OWL is in fact in the mid-range strategic plan released by NASA in 2000, which puts OWL after 2012. Compared to AUGER the EUSO experiment is optimized for a higher energy range, partially overlapping the AUGER one.
10. International Committee which has reviewed the experiment
The EUSO
experiment is an international experiment carried on by a large
Collaboration: Italy, France, Portugal, Japan and US.
It was
proposed to ESA in January 2000 and it was reviewed by the
following ESA Committees: AWG (Astronomy Working Group), FPAG Fundamental
Physics Advisory Group), SSAC (Space Science Advisory Committee),
EUB (European User Board) and SPC (Space Program Committee).
The EUSO project
has also been presented to CNES in September 2001. It has been
recommended for the last selection phase of CNES. Support to phase
A activities comes from IN2P3/CNRS through local scientific
committees and through GDR/PHCE in the form of support to
EUSO-AUGER mixed activities.
The EUSO US team presented an EUSO
proposal within the NASA MIDEX Announcement of Opportunities. The
aim of the MIDEX proposal is to support all phases of the EUSO
Mission in the period from 2002 to 2009. NASA approved the phase
A of EUSO/US which is already completed. The output of the phase
A of EUSO/US is being reviewed by NASA. The review part will end
in march, when NASA will decide about the passage to phase B of
the EUSO/US project.
Japan phase A activities are supported by RIKEN internal funds.